Materials & supplies

Start with the metal.

Understand your material, then choose the wire, rod, electrode or shielding gas for your process.

MATERIAL / 01

Mild steel.

A useful starting point for learning.

Read the material guide
PREPARE
Identify the grade and coatings; prepare the joint and use compatible consumables.
PROCESS OPTIONS
MIG/MAG, TIG, stick and flux-core can all be relevant, depending on the joint and conditions.
PAY ATTENTION TO
Preparation, hydrogen control where required, fusion and service requirements.
Build the right setup

Choose your consumables.

Compare uses and compatibility. Open “Uses & selection” to read more here.

7 supply types

Shielding gas

70% argon / 30% helium inert blend

EN ISO 14175: I3; inert argon/helium shielding blend
Process
TIG (GTAW) · Aluminium MIG (GMAW)
Materials
Aluminium · Compatible copper alloys · Other procedure-approved TIG materials

An inert blend used when additional helium heat transfer is useful for the application.

Uses & selection

An inert blend used when additional helium heat transfer is useful for the application.

Choosing a product

Compare fusion and operating cost with pure argon on the actual joint. The machine settings and flow measurement must suit the selected gas.

What to check

Changing gas changes the arc and shielding behaviour. A helium blend does not correct an unsuitable joint preparation or machine.

Full guide & references
Shielding gas

Pure argon shielding gas

Inert shielding gas: Ar
Process
TIG (GTAW) · Aluminium MIG (GMAW)
Materials
Steel — TIG · Stainless steel — TIG · Aluminium · Other compatible nonferrous metals

A common inert shielding choice for TIG and aluminium MIG.

Uses & selection

A common inert shielding choice for TIG and aluminium MIG.

Choosing a product

Order the purity grade required by the procedure and use the correct regulator. TIG shielding and any root purge must be planned for the actual joint.

What to check

Do not assume pure argon is the normal gas for solid-wire steel MAG. Welding gas is not breathable; leaks can displace oxygen.

Full guide & references
Shielding gas

Pure helium shielding gas

Inert shielding gas: He
Process
Procedure-approved TIG (GTAW)
Materials
Compatible aluminium · Compatible copper · Compatible magnesium

A specialist inert-gas option where helium's heat-transfer characteristics suit the joint and equipment.

Uses & selection

A specialist inert-gas option where helium's heat-transfer characteristics suit the joint and equipment.

Choosing a product

Confirm the exact process and machine capability with the gas supplier. Argon/helium mixtures may be a more practical comparison point.

What to check

Air Liquide notes less tolerance for error in manual welding than with easier-starting argon. Do not assume a direct replacement for argon without rechecking the procedure.

Full guide & references
TIG filler rod

4043 aluminium TIG filler rod

Manufacturer example: AWS A5.10 R4043; EN ISO 18273: S Al 4043
Process
TIG (GTAW)
Materials
Compatible AlMgSi aluminium alloys · Compatible AlSi alloys

A silicon-alloyed aluminium rod for compatible wrought and cast aluminium joints.

Uses & selection

A silicon-alloyed aluminium rod for compatible wrought and cast aluminium joints.

Choosing a product

Identify the base alloy and desired finish first. The cited ESAB product covers AlSi alloys with up to 7% silicon.

What to check

ESAB does not recommend this product for anodizing. Check the alloy pairing; a silicon filler is not suitable for every aluminium repair.

Full guide & references
TIG filler rod

5356 aluminium TIG filler rod

Manufacturer example: AWS A5.10 R5356; EN ISO 18273: S Al 5356
Process
TIG (GTAW)
Materials
Compatible 5xxx aluminium alloys · Other compatible aluminium alloys

Magnesium-alloyed aluminium rod used where the alloy pairing and shear-strength requirement favour 5356.

Uses & selection

Magnesium-alloyed aluminium rod used where the alloy pairing and shear-strength requirement favour 5356.

Choosing a product

Confirm the base alloy and service temperature. Rod form and spool-wire form share an alloy family but have different handling requirements.

What to check

ESAB warns of stress-corrosion risk for 5xxx base alloys when weld-pool magnesium exceeds 3% and service temperature exceeds 65°C.

Full guide & references
Welding wire

ER4043 aluminium MIG wire

AWS A5.10: ER4043; EN ISO 18273: AlSi5 family
Process
MIG (GMAW)
Materials
Compatible 6xxx aluminium alloys · Compatible aluminium castings

A silicon-alloyed filler option for many weldable 6xxx alloys and cast aluminium parts.

Uses & selection

A silicon-alloyed filler option for many weldable 6xxx alloys and cast aluminium parts.

Choosing a product

Identify the actual base alloy before choosing 4043. The manufacturer describes a fluid pool and reduced cracking sensitivity on compatible 6xxx alloys.

What to check

Aluminium fillers are not interchangeable across every alloy. Check the alloy chart, service conditions and finish requirement.

Full guide & references
Welding wire

ER5356 aluminium MIG wire

AWS A5.10: ER5356; EN ISO 18273: S Al 5356
Process
MIG (GMAW)
Materials
Compatible 5xxx aluminium alloys · Other compatible aluminium alloys

A magnesium-alloyed aluminium filler used where the base alloy and shear-strength requirement favour 5356.

Uses & selection

A magnesium-alloyed aluminium filler used where the base alloy and shear-strength requirement favour 5356.

Choosing a product

Check the base-alloy pairing and service temperature rather than selecting only by advertised strength. Use an aluminium-compatible feed system.

What to check

ESAB warns of stress-corrosion risk for 5xxx base alloys when weld-pool magnesium exceeds 3% and service temperature exceeds 65°C. Review the application with the filler supplier.

Full guide & references

Start with the exact alloy, joint and procedure. Confirm polarity, gas, size and storage instructions in the specific product sheet.

Understand the material.